Which notable figure was born on December 25, 1845?

The correct response highlights Alfred Marshall as the notable figure born on December 25, 1845. Alfred Marshall was a significant economist in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, best known for his contributions to microeconomic theory. His seminal work, "Principles of Economics," published in 1890, introduced concepts such as elasticity of demand and the idea of consumer surplus, shaping modern economic thought. Marshall’s influence extended well beyond his immediate work, as he played a key role in establishing economics as a formal discipline in universities.

Understanding the significance of Marshall's work in economic theory provides valuable context regarding why he is a notable figure, especially his impact on welfare economics and the marginalist revolution. His ideas continue to be foundational in economic education today. The other individuals listed, while they may have had their own contributions, do not share the same level of recognition or historical impact in economics as Marshall does.